Everything about Home Ministry Japan totally explained
The was a former
Cabinet-level ministry established under the
Meiji Constitution that managed the internal affairs of
Empire of Japan from 1873-1947. Its duties included local administration,
police,
public works and elections.
History
After the
Meiji Restoration, the Home Ministry was established as government department in November 1873, initially as an internal security agency to deal with possible threats to the government from disgruntled ex
-samurai. Under the organization of the
Meiji government, prefectural governors were appointed by the central government, and came under the jurisdiction of the Home Ministry.
Okubo Toshimichi was the first Home Minister. Okubo was succeeded by
Yamagata Aritomo, who organized the Ministry into sections responsible for general administration, local administration, police, public works,
public health, postal administration, topographic surveys, religious institutions and the national
census. The administration of
Hokkaidō and
Karafuto Prefectures also fell under the jurisdiction of the Home Ministry.
The Home Ministry also initially had the responsibility for promoting local industry, but this duty was taken over by the
Department of Agriculture and Commerce in 1881. In 1890, the
Railroad Ministry and in 1892, the
Communications Ministry were created, removing these functions from the Home Ministry. The public health functions were separated into the
Ministry of Health in 1938.
On the other hand, with the establishment of
State Shinto, a Department of Religious Affairs was added to the Home Ministry in 1900. Following the
High Treason Incident, the
Tokko special police force was also created in 1911.
Through the passage of the
Peace Preservation Laws, the Home Ministry was able to use its security apparatus to suppress
political dissent and the curtail the activities of the
socialists,
communists and the
labor movement.
After
World War II, in October 1945, the scope of activities of the Home Ministry were severely limited by the
American Occupation authorities. The American authorities felt that the concentration of power into a single ministry was both a cause and a symptom of Japan's pre-war
totalitarian mentality, and also felt that the centralization of police authority into a massive centrally controlled ministry was dangerous for the democratic development of post-war Japan.
The Home Ministry was formally abolished on
31 December 1947, and its functions dispersed to the Ministry of Home Affairs (自治省
jijishō), now the
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Ministry of Health and Welfare (厚生省
Kōseishō),now the
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, National Public Safety Commission(国家公安委員会
Kokka Kōan Iinkai), Ministry of Construction (建設省
Kensetsushō), now
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport.,
Listing of Ministers for Home Affairs
Further Information
Get more info on 'Home Ministry Japan'.
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